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| Postcards from Parma |
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| Aerial view - The Baptistery and the Bell Tower |
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| Between the 10th and 12th century the rule of the city passed to the Church. The Bishops that followed on to rule the city gave a strong impulse to public education founding the Chapter of the Cathedral. After a succession of feudal lords, the Farnese (who are still the dukes of Parma) conquered the city in the mid-16th century and lasted for 185 years, with 8 dukes reaching power one after the other. Then in fast succession, the Spanish, French and Austrians ruled the town. |
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